Brotherhood



(No Mode1.)-. 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

F. BRQITHERHOOD. MEANS FOR DRYING PHOSPHATE ROCK, &c.

No. 342,678. larinellted'May 25, 1886.

Ens iis man EE EEE @Eg @5&5 @EL EEE INVENTOR Fred rqfherhood v WlTNESSES 5 Q .TM/*VMM By his ./lttorneys N. PETERS, Phviu-Liihugmpher. Wnshingiun. D. C.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. BROTHERHOOD.

MEANS FOR DRYING PHOSPHATE ROOK, 8vo.' No. 842,878. Patented May z5, 1888.

WITNEssEs INVENTOB By his .Attorneys (No Model.) 'z sheets-sheevtw8 F. BROTHERHOOD.

MBANsroR DRYING PHosPHATB ROCK, am. y No. 342,678. Patented May 25, 1886.

ICL A WITNESSES f INVENTOR .Fred lroirhood @036 Byhiav/momeys (No Model.) 'z sheets-sheet 4.l

F.. BROTHERHOOD. MEANS PoR DRYING PHOSPHATB ROCK, am.

No. 342,678. Patented May A25-i 1886.

Oli

wnNEssEs H* I INVENTOR Fred lrozer/w ad 6. .W Byhis Attorneys N. PETERS Fholo-Llbognphur, Washington. D. C4

(No Model.) 7 Sheets--Sheet 5.

F.BROTHERHOOD.v MEANS FR DRYING PHOSPHATB ROCK, &0.

No. 342,678. Patented May 25, 1886.

Il:a4 n

C@ PH k\\\ WITNESSES INVENTOR 'z sheets-sheet 6 F. BROTHERHOOD. MEANS POR DRYING PHUSPHATE ROOK, 650.

(No Model.)

No. 342,678. Patented May 25, 1886.

INVENTOR Fred Brot/erkend WITINHESSESy @1&.W/V, @a C.

PETERS. Pham-Lamapla". washing D. r:4

(No Model.) 7 Sheets--Sheet 7.

F. BROTHERHOOD. K MEANS FOR DRYING PHOSPHATE ROOK, &e. No. 342,678.v Patented May 25, 1886.

l ,I E s r l f l l E( f l l (o I N 5 I t l l l 1 Fred Brother/wad Byg's Attorneys f I f M N H S Pnl N. Pneus, Phew-megaphur, washing. u. c

a .N FH Mm N m mm m .www m m m a m w m m m m m m m m m m m .hw uw @N UMTED STATES PATENT Ormea.

FRED BROTHERHOOD, OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH OAROLlNA.

MEANS FOR DRYING PHOSPHATE ROOK, sbc.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 342,678, dated May 25, 188.

Application filed January 20, 1886. Serial No. 189,201. (o model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, FRED BROTHERHOOD, of Charleston, South Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Drying Phosphate Rock, &c., ol' which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in driers of the class adapted to the treatment of large quantities of the material to be driedsuch as ores, Ste.

My object, chiefly, is to provide improved means ol' this class by which phosphate rock lnay be dried in large lquantities thoroughly, expeditiously, and economically.

Some ofthe devices employedin'connection with my present improvements are the same as or substantially similar to features of the invention set forth in Letters Patent No. 308,237 granted to me November 18, 1884.

The subjectmatter deemed novel will hereinafter be particularly pointed out by the claims, after being rst described by reference to the accompanying drawings, which, while not showing all details of a complete drying structure, represent those features illustration of which is deemed sufficient to convey a proper understanding of a suitable embodilnent of my improvements and some modifications thereof.

Figure 1 is a view, partly in plan, with the roof omitted and various parts broken away, and partly in section in two horizontal planes, one above and .the other beneath the floorlevel, as indicated by the line 1 1 of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a 'view in section in two different horizontal planes, both beneath the floor-level, as indicated by the line 2 2 of Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a view in rear elevation, partly in section, on the line 3 8 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a front elevation. Fig. 5 is a view partly in end elevation and partly iu section on the lines 5 5 of Figs. 1, 2, and 4. Fig. 6 is a View, partly in plan and partly in horizontal section above the door-level, showing a modification, the covering-plates for some of the floor-fines being omitted. Fig. 7 is a plan View of one of the coveringplates for the floor-fines; Fig. 8, a

section on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7, and Fig. 9 asection on the lines 9 9 of Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 10 is a view, partlyin elevation and partly in section on the lines 10 10 of Figs. 1 and 11,

chambers of a set being adjacent to each other,

and each chamber being of proper dimension to contain a large amount of the material to be dried. The heating-chambers are separated by partition-walls B, which are of solid construction to within a short distance of the open top of the structure, which is covered over by a Ventilating-roof, C, so as to admit of the free escape of surplus heat, fumes, &c., as will further on become obvious. As will readily be understood, the rooftimbers are supported by the columns b, arranged centrally in the heating-chambers by theshort columns a at the top ofthe back Wall, A', the partitionwalls, and the end walls of the structure, and by the columns b at the open front of the structure. An outside platform, a', on the level of the lloors of the heatingchambers, is provided at the front or open side of the structure, and extends the full length thereof.

The material to be dried is supplied to the heatingehambers by means of tracks C' above them, along which cars are run and havetheir contents dumped into the chambers by way of their open tops.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a single furnace, D, is provided for heating two adjacent chambers, there being one such furnace for every pair of heating-chambers; but, as further on to be explained, a single furnace may be employed to heat alarge number of chambers iu the desired order. A main flue, E, for each heating chamber,and located centrally beneath its floor, 1communicates about midway its length with the furnace by way of a conducting-ilue, D, and is divided into two branches, e e, passing from the central line of the chamber in opposite directions, or toward the front and the back of the structure, and extending a'round close to the walls of the heating-chamroo all slotted. As shown, the floor-fines F are` divided into two series, located at opposite sides of the heating-chamber, the door-fines of one series communicating at their outerl ends-their ends mostremote from the center of the chamberwith that portion of one branch eof the main iiue E which extends along next,A to the back of the chamber, and the floor-dues Y of the other series communicating at their outer ends with that portion of the other branch eof the main flue which extends along T next the front of the chamber. By branching the main ilue and extending it around l, close to the walls of the heating-chamber, and supplying heat to the floor-fines `at ,points rel mote both from the center of the chamber and the place at which the conducting-flue Djoins f the main fiue, a veryuuiform diffusion of the heat is provided for, and the proper heating4 of material next the walls of the cham-ber is,y insured, which might not be the case always were the floor-fines supplied with heat attheir inner ends or next the center of the chamberinstead of at theirouter ends or next the walls of the chamber.

with a pair of heating-chambers with which they respectively communicate diverge fromV each other from the furnace outward to? points centrally beneath the floors of their"l respective heating-chambers where they conl neet with the main flues of the chambers, and in order that the hot air, &c., from the fur-l nace may be directed to one heating-chamber and shut Vofi" from the other chamber of the1 pair while it is being emptied of dried material, or supplied with material to be dried, :.or lout of use, for repairs, Src., a suitable damper' or cut-oft', g, is provided, which may be ad-' justed to prevent'aceess o'f the hot air to either conducting-.Hue While allowing the full sup`l ply of heat to pass to the other conducting-1 As shown, the cut-.off g consists Vof-a flue. movable plate, which maybe supported across the mouth of either conducting-flue against a suitable seat formed byarecess. A man-hole, i provided with a removable eover,-G, aords access to the eut-off. (See Figs. 1 and 2.),'f Obviously, provision may be madefor cutting'` oi the heat 4from both conducting-fines at the', Two cut-olf plates or other Wellknown equivalent devices would answer the It will of course be understood that A blowing apparatus is employed in connection l' same time.

purpose.

with the furnaces, in well-known ways.

chamber the contents of the other may be rerlhe two conducting-finesl D D' of each furnace employed in connection j moved, and in thisway loss of time be avoided and economy attained, both in construction (lessening the number of furnaces employed) and in consumption of fuel. Obviously, were a separate furnace built for each heating-chamber, the cost of the apparatus would be greatly increased, and there would be more or less waste of fuel when shutting oil heat from the heating-chamber, and loss of time and labor in slowing down and starting up the fire;

The heating-chambers are emptied of their dried contents by laborers using wheelbarrows,' by means of which the material is carried ont at the front of the structure and by way of the platform a to the desired place of deposit.

In order that the wheelbarrows may be moved about over the floors of the heatingehambers without unnecessary obstruction, and to ad mit of the expansion and contraction of thccovering-plates of the door-fines, these plates are constructed and arranged as follows: The opposite edges of the plates are beveled upon their upper surfaces, so that in- 4clines H H, instead of abrupt shoulders, are provided at the side edges of the plates of each row, and the under surfaces of the plates are formed with shoulders h h, near their opposite side edges. The central thickened portion of each plate, extending from one side shoulder to the other, projects into the floor-liuc with which it is used, but does not quite extend across the due, thus providing for expansion, and the plates rest outside of the side shoulders .upon the .floor of the heating-chamber.

Each of the covering-plates is beveled at one end upon its upper surface, lbut not for the entire thickness, this beveled end H terminating in a shoulder or upright edge, h', of

:a thickness corresponding to that of the shoulders h, which project beneath the floor-level, and atits opposite end each plate, except the nishing end plates, presently to be described, is provided with an incline, I, formed by beveliing its under surface from its edge inward to a shoulder, i, corresponding in thickness with the shoulders h and h. It will thus 4be seen that ample provision is .made `for expansion and contraction when the plates are properly adjusted to the floor-fines in rows, beginning each row by `placing a plate with its side .having the beveled end H uppermost and at 4the end .of a floor-flue', then placing the next plate with its `beveled end H beneath the overlapping under beveledend, I, ofthe iirst plate with the end edge shoulder, h', of the second .plate not quite `incontact with the shoulderz' of the first plate, (thus providing for expansion V.and at the same time guarding against From theiabove description it will be seen that any desired number of pairs of heatingchambers may be provided, and that the coni tents of the Vchambers of each pair may -be alternately heated by a common furnace, incr-. der that as material is being dried in onei-y IIO end plates are made alike at both ends, as described, in order that there may be no obstruction at the ends of the rows of plates to the free movement of the wheelbarrows over the floors of the heating-chambers.

In Fig. 6 a heating-chamber is shown as having its floor-lines communicating at their inner ends with the main flue which is without the branches hereinbefore described, and the employment of which is deemed preferable. rIhe main ue has communication midway its length with the furnace by a conducting-liuc, as already explained, and the improved covering-platesj' are employed.

To hasten the drying of the material, and at the same time provide for drying it with greater uniformity throughout the mass, I provide means for collecting and carrying off the steam or moist vapors passing upward through the material, which vapors as they ascend through the material become more or less cooled, especially during the earlier part of the operation, and materially retard the ranged inrows J above the floor and extending from near one side of the heating-chamber to near the opposite side thereof, and from the bottom to near the surface X of the mass, Aeach i row being composedin sections and constituting a series of united perforated tubular arches, J The corresponding arches of the respective rows are in line with each other, and the rows extend parallel to each other and to the front of the structure. The spaces beneath the arches admit of the free passage to and Afrom the front of the structure of the laborers with their wheelbarrows in emptying the heating-chambers. The sections of pipe composing a row of arches are securely connected together by tie-rods K, and the rows at their ends terminate in inclined sections K', which may be of approximately half-arch shape instead of inclined, as shown. rIhe pressure of the material against these end sections, K, materially relieves the walls of the structure -from strain, thus lessening the liability of their becoming bulged, as will be obvious. rIhe flanges k, at the junctions of the arches of the respective rows, serve to support the rows upon the floor. Perforated draw-off pipes L connect the -corresponding arches and end seetions of the series of rows of vapor-collecting pipes, these connecting draw-off pipes communicating with the arches and end sections, so that the vapors entering-to the pipes of the rows .I can pass into the connecting-pipes L. Each connecting-pipe has communication at one end with a channel or upright wall-flue, Z, and at its opposite end is closed. Each of the upright lines is provided with a cnt-off,

m, and communicates at its lower 'end with a horizontal end flue, M, which is connected with suitable exhaust apparatus. A suctionfan or a tall chimney would answer for the exhaust apparatus.

From the above description it will be seen that as the arches of the rows J of perforated pipe extend nearly to the top of the mass of material being treated, the moist vapors throughout the mass will be drawn off through the pipes L and flues Z by suction when the exhaust apparatus is in action. The vapors pass readily into the arches by way of their perforations, and also into the connectingdrawoff pipes by their perforations, and off by way of the draw-off pipes, the flues Z, and the end flue, M. Anyone or more of the ilues Z may be closed by its cut-off, to enable any particular portion of the mass of material to be subjected to the full action of the exhaust apparatus, as may be desired.

It is obvious that instead of the exhaustapparatus a furnace with blowing apparatus may be used in connection with the fines M and Z and draw-off pipes, in which event the ends of IOC floor, and having communication with the main lines E, be employed, or both the pipes N and the lilies F beneath the floors be used in connection with the system of exhaust-pipes described.

Instead of the means above described for drawing off the moist vapors, a series of perforated upright pipes, O, Fig. 14, may bearranged in numerous places throughout the mass,so as to rest at their bottoms on the floor of the heating-chamber and project at their tops above the material, each tube terminating beneath the flaring lower end of a drawofi' pipe, P, passing at its opposite end out at the roof of the structure. In this' waya draft would be created which would carry off the vapors entering to the pipes O and lower end of the pipes I.

Instead of the perforated tubes O, tubesQ, Fig. 13, provided with short communicating curved tubes q, of any desired number, may be employed inconnection with draw off tubes P. Perforated arched tubes R, Fig. 12, maybe arranged as shown in Figs. 10 and IIO 1l, and provided with connecting draw-oli' 13o pipes, as in said ligures, and in addition have short tubes S, communicating with the arches at top and projecting above the level of the material, so, as by means of pipes such' as those, P, above described, to draw voff the vapors which may pass from the material into the arches.

Fig. 15 shows in horizontal section beneath the floor-level such features as are needed to illustrate a modification whereby any preferred number of heating-chambers B may be heated in turn, as desired, by a single furnace, D. The right and left main conducting-fines T, by way of which the furnace has communication with the different heatingchambers, are provided with a damper, t, by which to control the direction (to the right or left) in which the heat passes to the branch conductingues T. There is one of the branch conducting-fines T for each heatingchamber, and these fines communicate withv the fines T'.

will.

Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation showing such parts as are required to represent a modification whereby perforated pipes are used in.

connection with `the floor-fines F, instead of the perforated covering-plates j'. In accord, ance with this modification perforated unconnected upright pipes U are arranged in rows, or upright perforated pipes of adjacent rows may be united by curved pipes u. These perforated pipes are closed at top and are employed in a system such in all respects as before described and represented in Figs. 1, 2, &c., except that in lieu of the perforated covering-plates, or some of them, covering-,plates V, Figs. 18 and 19, are employed. These covering-plates V have each a central opening, V, surrounded on top by an annular flange, o, about which the base of a pipe, U, fits. If desired, both perforated coveringplates f and heat-distributing pipes U may be used. For instance, the floor-dues F may be .ing structure having an open front to facili-v tate access to and the emptying of the heatingchambers thereof, or the combination, with a heating-chamber, of floor-fines, a main flue with which they communicate, a conducting- Dampers t provide for control-1 ling the passage of heat from the` flues T to? It will be seen that by means of the dampcis the chambers B may be heated as desired, and the heat be cut off from them at ue communicating with the main flue about midway its length, and a furnace with which vthe conducting-flue connects, or the combination of means for holding the material to be dried, means for supplying air to the material, and means for drawing off the air after its passage into or through the material, as, unqualifiedly considered, such features and combinations are older than my improvements herein described and claimed.

I claim as of my own invention- 1. The combination of the heating-chambers, their main fines, a single furnace for heating the chambers, its conducting lues communicating with the different chambers and having independent communication with the respective main ues, the ioor-iues communicating withl the main filles, and means for cutting off the heat of the furnace from the main iue's, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

2. The combination of a heating-chamber, the main flue located centrally beneath its floor and provided with the branches passing around close to the walls of the heating-chamber, the two series of floor-lines communicating respectively at their outer ends with the opposite branches of the main ue, and the conducting-flue communicating with the main flue about midway its length, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

3. The combination of a heating-chamber, its floor-fines having communication with a furnace, by which hot air is provided for drying the material in the heating-chamber, the perforated vapor-collecting pipes, about which the mass of material extends, and the drawoif pipes connected with the upper ends of the vapor-collecting pipes, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

4. The combination of the heating-chamber, means for supplying hot air `thereto at bottom, the rows of perforated tubular arches terminating in the inclined end sections, ,the tie-rods by which the arches and end sections are connected togeth er,and the draw-off pipes, substantially as" and for the purpose .hereinbefore set forth.

5. The combination of a heating-chamber, means for supplying hot air to dry the matelrial therein, the rows of perforated pipes, thc

draw-olf pipes connected therewith, the fines Z, with which the draw-ofi` flues connect, and the end iue with which the draw-off ilues communicate, substantial] y as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

FRED BROTHERHOOD.

Vitnesses:

WVM. H. LoCKWooD, VILLIE H. LooKwoOD.

ICO

IIO 

